Consuming excessive amounts of water can cause a condition known as water intoxication or hyponatremia. This potentially fatal condition disrupts fluid balance in the body. This article will cover what water intoxication is, the risks and symptoms, prevention tips, and when to seek emergency treatment.
What is Water Intoxication?
Water intoxication occurs when sodium levels become dangerously low due to drinking too much water. This causes the sodium in the blood to become diluted, disrupting fluid balance. Brain swelling is a serious effect. Endurance athletes are most at risk, but anyone can develop water intoxication from overhydrating.
Dangers and Symptoms
Drinking more fluids than the kidneys can excrete flushes out electrolytes like sodium and potassium. These electrolytes regulate nerve and muscle function.
Symptoms of water intoxication include:
- Headache, nausea, vomiting
- Muscle spasms, cramps, weakness
- Fatigue, confusion, disorientation
- Seizures, unconsciousness, coma
Without medical treatment, water intoxication can lead to brain swelling, organ failure, respiratory arrest, and even death. Seek emergency help immediately if you experience any combination of these symptoms along with excessive fluid intake.
Prevention Tips
Follow these guidelines to avoid accidentally overhydrating:
- Drink only when thirsty
- Limit water intake to 0.5-1 liter per hour
- Include electrolytes through sports drinks
- Monitor urine color for light lemonade shade
- Watch for early signs like bloated feeling
What to Do If It Happens
If you show signs of water intoxication along with overhydration:
- Stop drinking water immediately
- Consume broth or salty fluids
- Lay down and raise feet
- Loosen restrictive clothing
- Seek emergency medical care right away
Rapid treatment is vital to restore electrolyte balance and prevent fatal complications. Most cases can be reversed with proper medical care.
Takeaway
Consuming too much water disrupts fluid balance and electrolytes, leading to swelling and other dangerous effects. Stick to moderate water intake, especially during intense exercise. Connect with us for advice on selecting a drink mix that will hydrate you effectively without the dangers of overhydration.
